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Barque (Bark)
Sailing ships with at least three masts and square-rigged on
all masts except the mizzenmas. Three masted barque have been the most common
type, but four-masted and also some five masted has occurred. The four-masted
barque was the most economical for ocean voyages, and this type was the sailing
ship that lasted longest of the cargo sailing ships.
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Brig
Medium size two-masted merchant sailing ships, square-rigged on both masts. The
brig sailed well and could be used in narrow waters. The square sail required a
comparatively large crew, which made the brig uneconomical and therefore they
came early out of service. Brigs were rare already during WWII.
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Brigantine (Square sail schooner)
Two-masted sailing ships with square sail rigged on the foremast only.
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Clipper
Very fast sailing ships with three or more square rigged
masts. The hull was narrow for its length with a hydrodynamically efficient
bow.
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Cutter (Sloop)
Originally meant a one-mastad yacht, for-and-aft rigged with
gaff sail, top sail, stay sail and jip. Modern bermuda rigged yachts with stay
sail and jib is nowadays called Cutter aswell.
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Full-rigged
Sailing ships with three or more square rigged masts.
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Ketch
Fore-and-aft rigged two-masted sailing ships. The foremast higher than the
mizzenmast and the mizzen-mast placed ahead of the rudderpost.
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Schooner
Sailing ships with two or more similarly hight fore-and-aft rigged masts. On a
two-masted schooner the aft mast is up.
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Staysail schooner
The staysail rig is a relatively modern rig for yachts. It was designed in USA
in the thirties. The staysail schooner has no gaff-foresail and nor
gaff-mainsail, all the sail are staysail.
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Topsail schooner
Sailing ship with all masts for-and-aft rigged, but square top sail and often a
top gallant sail on the foremast.
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Yawl
Fore-and-aft rigged two-masted sailing ship or sailing boat. The foremast
higher than the mizzen-mast and the mizzen-mast placed aft of the rudderpost.
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